Showing posts with label Creative Spot. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Creative Spot. Show all posts

Monday, February 9, 2026

A Book Review: ‘From Nose to Tale’ by Gihan A. Fernando. Srianee Dias

A Book Review:  ‘From Nose to Tale’ by Gihan A. Fernando

By Srianee Dias

Note from Speedy: I am happy to continue the theme of Batchmates' family achievements (extending to family from just spouses!), and post this most interesting article by Srianee about her brother's achievement. Well done Gihan!

Full disclosure, the author is my youngest brother, a retired international airlline captain whose career included piloting many different types of aircraft in four different international ailines.It is a fascinating book and each story stands alone.  The stories also cover a variety of situations that airline captains face.  Gihan was the captain on a flight to San Francisco when the crew received the news of the attack on The World Trade Center.  They did not have sufficient fuel to return to Seoul, South Korea, where they had departed from four hours before. You will have to read ‘The Day the World Changed’ to find out how the story ended for their flight.  There is also an amusing story where the author as the captain, had to convey the acceptance of a marriage proposal to one of his passengers on board his flight!

     When we climb aboard a commercial flight, a mere metal tube that speeds through the air at high altitudes , we don’t spare much thought for the person at the controls.

    This entertaining book, which is a collection of stories and anecdotes about aviation, written in the captivating style of a skillful storyteller, will give the reader some insight into the training and the life of a commercial pilot.  The stories of the author’s early years as a trainee at the Ratmalana Flying Training School are especially interesting.  He writes about the trials and tribulations that he and his fellow trainees had to endure.  

   The book is filled with color photos of many small aircraft, which reflects the author’s fondness for them.  It is when one is sitting in one of those two seaters that one experiences the real sensation of flying.

   Readers who have any association with the airline industry will find this book especially interesting. Other readers will find the stories entertaining and enlightening.

  Many of these stories were previously published over several years in ‘The Island’ newspaper in Sri Lanka, some under the pseudonym ‘Guwan Seeya!’  Friends and family persuaded Gihan to publish the collection as a book.

    One article that is not included in the book (editorial decision) was published in The Island entitled ‘Airline Pilots, Doctors, and Lawyers.’ It is not really a story, but will interest the readers of this blog. It compares the regulations that govern the practice of these professions.  Airline pilots must undergo semi-annual medical check-ups.  Three times a year they are tested by regulators in a simulated environment to ensure that they have the knowledge and skills to handle all types of emergencies.  Once a year they have to demonstrate their capabilities at handling the safety equipment, which requires that pilots be good team players.

    Doctors in the US have to document a designated number of Continuing Medical Education hours (CMEs) when applying to renew their licenses to practice medicine in their respective states. The requirements vary from state to state. Hospitals in the US also have similar requirements for their Medical Staff.  I am unaware of equivalent requirements in Sri Lanka.

     In his article, Gihan writes “Airline pilots and doctors work in real time unlike lawyers who can take out their diaries and postpone a case for another day.”

     Increasingly, some of the systems designed to reduce errors in the airline industry are being adopted by the medical industry, especially in the operating rooms.  (Operating Room Management-ORM). A pre-op briefing where the surgeon introduces himself and the rest of the team to each other, and outlines the plan for surgery is becoming more commonplace, just as in a pre-flight briefing of an airline crew. Also, just like on the flight deck, even the most junior member on the team is encouraged to voice concern if something seems amiss,even at the risk of embarrassment, unlike in the old days.

     Apparently, a few years after this article appeared in The Island, Gihan was contacted by a private hospital in Colombo.  He writes “They acknowledeged the fact that aviation is at the cutting edge of ‘error management,’ at a time when the Far Eastern ailine I was employed by was a leader in Crew Resource Management (CRM). The hospital wanted to know if I would speak to their surgeons on the risk-alleviation methods used in aviation.  As a CRM facilitator, I requested in turn that, as a starting point for our discussion, the surgeons describe to me a real-life scenario wherein an operation was ‘botched.’ After a lapse of many weeks I was told that “surgeons don’t make mistakes”.  

    The profits from the sale of the book will be used to establish a scholarship fund for aspiring airline pilots in Sri Lanka, because the cost of training has risen steeply

  At the moment, the book can be downloaded on the Kindle App from Amazon.  Those who subscribe to Kindle Unlimited will be able to read it without additional cost.  Hard copies are available for sale in Colombo at Sarasavi Bookstores, Expographic Books and Barefoot.  In the near future it may be possible to purchase them on Amazon as well.

Note added on 15 Feb 2026. Srianee's brother Gihan featured in a post by Lucky about 5 years ago.

"Srianee (Bunter) Fernando Dias' youngest brother Gihan, is a retired Singapore Airlines and Sri Lankan Airlines Captain. This article was published in the ‘Island' newspaper about 5 years ago, but since aviation issues are currently dominating the news, a re-read would be interesting. Gihan frequently writes to the ‘Island’ about aviation issues.
Here is the link: https://colombomedgrads1962.blogspot.com/2019/03/airline-pilots-doctors-and-lawyers-with.html#comment-form

 

Friday, January 30, 2026

The Benefits of drawing and painting as a hobby

The Benefits of drawing and painting as a hobby

Paintings by Nihal, Srianee, Chirasri, Rohini A and Speedy

Friends, Doctors and Countrymen!

I am posting these wonderful paintings by colleagues just to demonstrate that, although we trained as doctors, we can still master new skills that are of great benefit, especially as we get older and the exit doors seem more real than just an imaginary remote construct.

They are shown solely for the purpose of energising you to try a new skill, or rouse it if it is dormant, and not as a boast. There are many useful ways to preserve our sanity, vanity, and humanity, but I urge you to consider taking up drawing and painting if you haven’t done so already. 

YOU..., Me?..yes... YOU!... CAN.. DO..IT!!

The following AI response on the benefits of Painting is hard to beat

Painting as a pastime offers a wide range of mental, physical, and social benefits, making it a highly therapeutic and enriching hobby for individuals of all ages.

Mental and Emotional Health

Stress and Anxiety Reduction: Painting lowers cortisol levels—the body’s primary stress hormone—promoting relaxation and helping to quiet an overactive mind.

Achieving a "Flow State": Immersing yourself in a creative task can lead to a meditative "flow state," where time seems to slow down, and daily worries fade away.

Emotional Expression and Catharsis: For many, art provides a nonverbal outlet for processing complex emotions or past traumas that are difficult to put into words.

Boosted Self-Esteem: Finishing a project, regardless of skill level, releases dopamine and provides a tangible sense of pride and accomplishment.

Cognitive and Physical Benefits

Brain Health and Memory: Engaging in artistic activities has been linked to a 73% lower risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older age.

Improved Fine Motor Skills: Handling brushes and mixing paints strengthens the small muscles in the hands and wrists, improving dexterity and hand-eye coordination.

Problem-Solving Skills: Adapting to unexpected outcomes on the canvas, such as colour mixing or fixing mistakes, helps build critical-thinking and innovation skills that translate to everyday life.

Enhanced Observation: Painting trains you to look at the world with a "child's eye," noticing details in light, texture, and colour that are often overlooked.

Social and Practical Advantages

Community Building: Joining art classes or workshops offers opportunities to connect with like-minded individuals and reduces feelings of isolation.

Digital Detox: Painting is a tactile, analogue experience that provides a necessary break from screens and digital intrusions.

Flexibility: It is an accessible hobby that can be as budget-friendly or as involved as you choose, fitting easily into various schedules and skill levels.

These are the paintings sent to me by Chira, Nihal, Srianee and Rohini A. (I have added mine). Two paintings/drawings each.

Please click on the painting for an enlarged and clear view.







Friday, January 23, 2026

Painting for fun! Srianee (Bunter) Dias

Painting for fun - is fun!

Srianee Dias

When I started painting seriously as a pre-teen (Oh so long ago!) I relied mostly on my imagination. I did have a vivid imagination. Nowadays I need some inspiration to get started. I have a large brown envelope labelled “Inspiration for paintings” which contains photos I have taken of interesting architecture, landscapes and scenes which are potential subjects for paintings at some point in the future. (I use my own photos, because otherwise it will not be an original creation.)

I start with a light pencil sketch on the canvas using the photo as a guide.(I use acrylics or oils for painting.) Once I start painting, I play with the colours and shapes, which may not be the same as in the original photo. I do not attempt to reproduce the photo realistically. This is because I don’t have the skills to do that well, and also because I wish to improvise a little, or a lot! As I keep working, the image in the photo is more or less abandoned, and I focus more and more on the painting, which is now taking a life of its own at the tip of my paintbrush. I allow my imagination to take flight and create something that is entirely my own.

My painting of Dondra Lighthouse

Maybe some readers of the blog have correctly identified the subject of this painting as the Dondra lighthouse. (Devinuwara). This photo was taken by me while flying over the area with one of my brothers in a small aircraft.

While the lighthouse and the Dondra Head are recognisable, most readers will note that I have taken a great deal of creative licence with the surrounding vegetation - genus and species unknown! Yes, there are a few scraggly-looking coconut trees that may be recognisable. Rocks appeared in the painting in locations where there were none in the photo. I was having fun and enjoying the freedom!

Photo of Dondra Lighthouse

The Dondra lighthouse is the tallest in Sri Lanka and one of the tallest in Southeast Asia. It is 49 meters tall, was designed by Sir James Nicholas Douglass, and constructed in 1890 by William Douglass of the Imperial Lighthouse Service. The steel and brick were imported from England, the granite was imported from Scotland and Cornwall. There are 25 lighthouses in Sri Lanka and 14 of them are active, and managed by the Sri Lanka Port Authority.

I read somewhere that something that influenced Sir Arthur C. Clarke to consider moving to Sri Lanka permanently was the realisation that when he stood on the beach in Dondra, there was no land in the vast expanse of ocean between him and the South Pole.

Sir Arthur was one of the divers who discovered a shipwreck containing gold coins in this area. Perhaps someone reading this may know more about this story.

Friday, January 16, 2026

The Spouses of our Batchmates and their talents - Dhushyanthi Vedavanam

The Spouses of our Batchmates and their talents.

Featuring Dhushyanthi Vedavanam, wife of the late S.Vedavanam.

Mahendra “Speedy” Gonsalkorale.

Our Batch has been exceptional in so many ways. We have kept in touch with each other both electronically and, when possible, in person. Today, I would like to shift the focus to our batchmates' spouses. Many of them have stood out for their frequent presence at Reunions and for their contributions through comments on the Blog. Many are great achievers in their chosen fields and have distinguished themselves.

Dhushy,  Veda, Krishni & Tharan
Today, I want to focus on Dhushyanthi Vedavanam, the wife of the late Sivakumar Vedavanam or Veda, as we fondly called him, who passed away on 1st July 2015. Both her children are in the Medical profession. In subsequent posts, I shall feature some of the other spouses. 

Dhushy has attended many of our London reunions and frequently commented on the Blog. She thinks highly of our Batch, but as I discovered, she is also an amazing and talented person on her own right, as well as being a sensitive and loving human being.

I am delighted to post a short, illustrated article about her gardening expertise, one of her many talents. Dhushy is a well-accomplished and well-respected Gardner. She has won many awards and prizes. I am sure you will note her philosophical attitude to life when you read her story. I have not included the names of the wide range of flowers, fruits, and vegetables that appear, but I am sure Dhushy would be happy to answer any specific questions about them in response to comments.

Background:

In 1990, a small group of enthusiastic gardeners in Biddenham decided that the village needed an organisation which would give them the opportunity to share their love of gardening with like-minded people and provide a forum for increasing their knowledge through talks and demonstrations. The first meeting of the Biddenham Gardeners’ Association (the BGA) took place at the Village Hall in 1991.

Over the years, many different speakers have visited to present a wide range of gardening-related topics. Most talks are accompanied by a presentation, whilst some take the form of a practical demonstration. All of our speakers have a particular expertise, some are well known nationally and many have been Gold medal winners at RHS shows.

In January 2025, we were lucky to have a video presentation by Dhushy about her garden at Rose View, Main Road, Biddenham. She presented the four seasons in her garden, but before starting this video she gave us some background to her love of gardening, how the garden has grown over the years since she came to Biddenham in 2004, that the interaction with the garden and her work in it gives her great pleasure, but that she also relishes the moments when she can sit down and contemplate the results”. Dhushy moved from Durham to Bedford in 2004 to be nearer her family. It took a year to clear the garden at Rose View, which was a mixture of clay and rubble, and in the last twenty years she has focused on colour in the garden, which attracts birds and pollinators. She has 22 standard roses, more than 55 dahlias and a huge number of other plants.

In the Winter, the Cosmos and Zinnias are cleared away, and the Climbing plants and perennials are mulched. The clematis, with its creamy-speckled bell flowers, attracts pollinators in winter. The garden's slow death this season is fascinating. In January, she removes the leaves of the Hellebores so they can regenerate. Hydrangeas and winter honeysuckle which provide colour in the garden during the winter are pruned in March. Viburnums flower in the winter and are a low maintenance plant. They need to be pruned lightly after flowering. Elephants ears turn purple in the winter, evergreen lavenders, winter flowering heather and heuchera hold the borders together, with the help of saxifragia, ferns, and fatsia. There is a long privet hedge in her garden which adds texture and is a haven for wild life. As the snowdrops break through, she looks forward to spring. There is a unique beauty in the winter garden.

In Spring snowdrops followed by daffodils, tulips and then peonies start the seasons, the tulips are planted in the borders and containers and combine well with late narcissi. There are yellow and purple crocuses, bluebells, hyacinths, alliums, irises, primroses, primulas, forget-me-nots, peonies, hellebores, cyclamen, camelias. The Braeburn apple blossom also adds colour.

The Summer is a busy and beautiful time. In late May the dawn chorus is at its best, and there are many fledglings. Dhushy has in her summer garden cosmos, sunflowers, Dahlias, climbing roses (Compassion, Scent from Heaven, New Dawn, White Floribunda, Gertrude Jekyll, Ballerina), 55 varieties of Dahlia, Alstroemeria, Phlox, Hydrangeas, 34 types of Clematis, Coneflowers, Penstemons, 15 different types of Salvia, Tobacco plants, Geraniums, Hibiscus, with Lavender alongside the Roses and Dahlias.

In Autumn the garden comes into its own. The shrubs are turning into bronze and orange. There are Cotoneasters, Cyclamen, Michaelmas daisies, Asters, Sedums, Chrysanthemums, the Dahlias continue flowering until the frosts arrive. Pansies and Violas supply colour all through to the spring, the Cotoneasters are covered with red berries, and there is a green carpet of Heather. There is always plenty to do in the Autumn, preparing for the next year”.

Dhushy’s presentation was received enthusiastically by a large audience. 

A few illustrative comments.

From Linda Truscott, Co-Chair and Membership Secretary, BGA.

Dear Dhushy,  I am writing, on behalf of the committee, to thank you for presenting the first talk of the year at the BGA.  We all so enjoyed your presentation.  It was polished, informative and so interesting.  We had so many lovely comments from our members and visitors and you must have been very pleased that it was so well received.  We are mindful that a presentation of this calibre does not materialise without a great deal of planning and preparation and we thank you for that - you got us off to a good start for 2025!

From Val Fitzhugh, Chair till 2021
From Kam, the owner of Bedford School of Photograpghy.

Your presentation was not only a testament to your hard work but also to your talent and ability to bring a vision to life. The feedback last night was all highly positive, and it’s easy to see why – the attention to detail and professionalism you brought to every aspect truly shone through. The video was really well put together and clearly a lot of intricate editing went into that. This achievement is something you should be very proud of, and it sets a fantastic example of what can be accomplished with hard work.

From Jan Page. Visiting Speakers, Raffle and Publicity.

Hi Dhushy, Well done for a very successful evening, everyone loved your video. I hope you enjoyed the evening.It was a treat meeting your children and your friends, l think they were all very impressed.Thanks again for a very successful evening

A selection of photos from her garden.


And now in her own words…..

My Thoughts and Reflections…..on my gardening and my presentation

By Dhushyanthi Vedavanam

One may wonder what prompted me to do the video on the four Seasons in my garden.

I joined the Biddenham Gardeners Association nearly five years after my move to Bedford.  A very Senior lady called Joy Bean, who was an icon in the village, virtually forced me to join.  The Secretary Norman King had earlier approached me and encouraged me to display some flowers in my garden at the Biddenham Show. I did not take much notice.

In 2013, I was approached by the Show Committee Organiser, Rosemary Harris, to enter the show. I didn’t realise the amount of work involved, but reluctantly agreed.  The show was on a Sunday. I went off to London to babysit for my daughter. I returned on the Saturday. I had to print the entry cards for the different categories- Flowers, fruits and vegetables and get my produce ready. My computer was not working.  I informed Rosemary that I would like to withdraw. She would not take ‘No’ for an answer! She offered to print the Entry Cards for me.  I was stuck wondering where to begin!

I started to prepare my production very late at night. I had no time to arrange the flowers.  I left the task for the morning. I found it a very daunting experience as this was my first attempt. I woke up at 4 am the next morning and went round my garden with a torch, picked the flowers and put them in vases. I had to be at the Village Hall by 7.45 am. We were given an hour to arrange everything on the tables before judging started.  I nearly passed out!

On reflection, I had a slight advantage over the other contestants in that I have been to so many shows and seen the presentations. I won the BGA shield and all other cups, too.  After that I entered four more years -in total five years. The last time I entered was in 2022, just after COVID.  I entered for an additional category, Photography, and won the Bradbury Cup for gaining the most points in Photography. I also won the Maurice Appleton Rose Bowl for best large Flower arrangement. The theme- the Jubilee Celebrations. I also won the best small flower Arrangement on the theme “Jewel Garden” which was done according to the specifications given

I was unable to show all the flowers, fruits, and vegetables, or all the plants, in my garden within the allotted hour. I put some photographs in an album, which was circulated at the presentation. I am showing some of those photos on the blog.

After many years of improving my garden, I realise that gardening, just like life, is a series of well-meaning cock-ups and happy accidents, unplanned successes and baffling, frustrating failures.  Happily, unlike life, gardening mistakes are rarely worth crying about. You could watch my video where I talk about losing my chrysanthemums- I can talk about it now without sobbing. I feel gardening is a low-risk hobby. Nobody gets hurt.

I love gardening because, unlike the rest of my life, a lack of knowledge, foresight and education does not hold me back.  Nothing seems to dampen my enthusiasm. I believe that when I grow plants, every day brings a small miracle. I hope my video will encourage novice and experienced gardeners, as well as non-gardeners, to fall in love with gardening in a whole new way.

What I really want to do is help silence the inner critic in us all, that nagging voice that tells us that our endeavours are not good enough, that there is no point in trying because our efforts are doomed to failure, because we are not up to it.   Perhaps the most valuable thing that gardening can teach us is to forgive ourselves, our failures, and celebrate our successes, however tiny, whether it is the lovely red, yellow and orange tomatoes, or the spitting in the eye of a potato- it should all be fun.

I started to photograph in 2017. I joined the U3A. I didn’t own a fancy camera. Many years ago I had 35mm £20 camera from Boots - I photographed my children when they were young. I had no understanding of the technicalities or the rudiments. I was happy clicking away!!

The photographic critic at U3A, Cliff Harvey, encouraged me to get a Nikon DSLR 330D. My son got the camera for me. Cliff helped me initially set it up, and I started photographing buildings, Street photography, nature, landscapes, and my own garden, too. I was enjoying my newfound hobby. I learnt to edit with Photoshop. I then joined the Bedford School of Photography and got lessons from Rob. After some time, Kam, the owner of Bedford School of Photography, persuaded me to invest in a mirrorless camera, and I bought another Nikon Z50.  This is the camera I use with confidence. This has helped me to rediscover the quiet delight of peaceful concentration.  These offerings- gardening, cooking my produce, and photography have been done with love and in the full knowledge that I am an amateur gardener, an amateur photographer and a novice writer too.

I really hope that my hit-and-miss at these disciplines will encourage other would-be artists, writers, and gardeners to pick up a pencil, a camera, a trowel, or an idea and run with it.   Give it a go- as I did. Let’s give ourselves permission to mess up, go wrong, make mistakes and carry on. Let us turn down the volume of our inner critic, get dirt under our fingernails, paint on our cardigans, and put a big smile on our faces? Why not? We have nothing to lose and so much to gain.

In a world where our identity is constantly scrutinised, monetised and assessed, it is such a relief to know that whoever we are, we can be gardeners.

A further selection from her beautiful garden


Around September 2023, I finally agreed to talk about my garden. It took me 14 months to put it together. It is the four seasons in my garden with my background and history. Enjoy the video!

Last but not least, I would like to express my sincere and grateful thanks to Mahendra for posting my video and write-up to go with it. It was Mahen who used his gentle persuasive powers to encourage me to share this in the blog. I was rather reluctant at first but gave much thought it and finally agreed.
Let me raise a toast to Mahen for his exceptional talent and knowledge in editing and for bringing together all the interesting contributions from you all on the Blog. This requires discipline and a timely approach, and he has developed a great skill to do it. He deserves many accolades for his hard work.
He helped me immensely to format my photographs for the write-up and had face-to-face Zoom meetings amidst his busy schedule of work, which I appreciate very much. He has kept this blog going and I have no doubt his efforts are much appreciated by all the contributors. I congratulate Mahen for his tireless efforts to include the spouses of your departed colleagues. Thank you Mahen for your kindness.

NOTE from Speedy: This unlisted video is included for Blog members only. Please be kind enough not to share the link or make it Public. You can watch the video within this window. Just click on the arrow. Fortify yourself with a nice drink and have some gentle soft music in the background and make sure you are seated comfortably!


Sunday, December 14, 2025

Mahendra drawings and Hobbies

Mahendra Drawings and Hobbies

It is important to keep as active as possible both physically and mentally in order to maintain, or at least decrease the rate of decline inevitably associated with ageing . 

Reading, discussing important topics, keeping abreast of news, socialising,  regular moderate physical activity such as walking, jogging ( if you like it), sports such as badminton, tennis or as in my case , The Noble Eighteen Hole Path), are just a few examples of what you can do apart from taking your medication regularly, having a sensible diet and keeping your weight within limits. 

All my drawings are based on photographs and this is an Indian musician playing a string instrument, taken ina visit to India a few years ago

This is Mam Tor in the Peak District in Derbyshire, my cousin and his wife at the top 

Taken in Anuradhapura, pretending to be Rodin’s Thunker!


In Galle Fort Sri Lanka underground 

Self portrait 

A Sri Lankan woman cooking at a rest stop on the way to Kandy

Using my iPad sitting in a sofa in my old house













































































































The blog is a readily available and fun way of keeping in touch with your batch colleagues and is strongly recommended. 

I joined various social clubs which provide these for me in a rewarding and enjoyable manner. I recently joined the Sale Moor Art Club where we meet once a week for two hours. It has given me the opportunity to use a medium new to me, Charcoal. It is a great medium if you like light and shade and contrasts  Nihal was very keen for me to share some of my work with you. 

Monday, December 8, 2025

HUMAN ANCESTRY- paintings by ND Amerasekera

HUMAN ANCESTRY- PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD

Dr Nihal D Amerasekera

I am pleased to post this fascinating collection of Nihal's paintings, with helpful explanatory captions. I am amazed at the quality of his paintings, although I shouldn't be, knowing how skilled he is!- Speedy

Human Ancestry

It is interesting to realise that all human life began in Africa. The oldest fossils of modern humans (Homo sapiens) have been found there, and the DNA of all living people can be traced back to the African continent. 

This all started 200 thousand years ago. Dispersal and migrations began 100 thousand years ago to all corners of the world, where we evolved further to survive in those new environments.

I have painted images of several people from different parts of the world, which show the diversity and how much has changed in our appearance despite our distant common ancestry.

We are all related wherever we live, whether we are black, brown, white or yellow,  is an interesting concept. Something to remember for those zealots who prefer to find differences in us, which causes such unpleasantness and hardships.

I sincerely hope people of this wonderful world will consider their common ancestry and work tirelessly for world peace.

Acknowledgements: I have included information from Google and Wikipedia for authenticity.

"Aborigines"

"Aborigines" is often considered an insensitive and outdated term, and it is better to use terms like "Aboriginal Australians" or "Indigenous Australians" to refer to the original inhabitants of Australia. Aboriginal Australians have inhabited the continent for over 65,000 years and consist of many distinct languages.  They make up some of the oldest continuous cultures in the world. At the time of European colonisation of Australia, the Aboriginal people spoke more than 250 different languages. Aboriginal people make up 3.7% of Australia's population.


Inuits (Eskimo)

The word Eskimo is now considered a derogatory word for the people of the Arctic. The word Eskimo is derived from the Inuit word for those making snow shoes. These Indigenous peoples of the Arctic, which includes the Inuit, Yupik, and Iñupiat. These groups originated in Siberia and are believed to have migrated across the Bering Strait to Alaska, before spreading across North America and Greenland. Today, the people prefer to be called by their specific group names, such as Inuit or Yupik.  Their total population is around 190,000. Their language depends on the place they live. Their origins dates back to 5000 years or longer. Their food consists of fish, hunted animals, and food gathered locally.


Russians

Modern Russians trace their ancestry to early Slavic tribes native to Eastern Europe. The name "Russia" comes from the Rus people, a group of Norsemen (Vikings) who arrived from Scandinavia around the 8th century. These Norsemen established a ruling class that was eventually assimilated by the larger East Slavic population, giving rise to the medieval kingdom of Kievan Rus', and later, the modern Russian state.


Incas

The Inca originated as a small pastoral tribe in the Cusco region of Peru around the 12th century. Incas are native Andean people centred in modern Peru. Their empire extended from Ecuador to central Chile. Their capital city was Cusco. Their total population at the time was around 15 million. The Inca were skilled engineers who built extensive road networks, irrigation systems, and structures like the famous city of Machu Picchu. They spoke many languages, depending on the locality. The potato was the staple food. They domesticated , llama and alpaca and also hunted animals. The Incas were not known to develop a written form of language; however, they visually recorded narratives through paintings. Incas believed in reincarnation and made human sacrifices.

Their empire was conquered by the Spanish in 1530. After the fall of the Inca Empire, many aspects of Inca culture were systematically destroyed, including their sophisticated farming system. Diseases like Typhus, Diphtheria, smallpox, and Influenza of the so-called developed world ravaged the Inca people.


The Māori

The Māori are New Zealand's Polynesian people who arrived in the 13th century and developed a unique culture over centuries. They are known for their distinctive arts, language, and traditions. They make up about 17.8% of New Zealand's population, (There are 900,000 Maori people in New Zealand ).
Polynesians are a group native to Polynesia which is a vast triangle of islands in the Pacific Ocean, and are known for their skilled voyaging and navigation. 
Over time, these settlers developed a distinct culture, which includes their own language, mythology, and traditions, as a result of living in isolation for centuries. There is now great efforts by the New Zealand government to preserve the Maori culture and language.


Sikhs

Sikhism was born in the Punjab area of South Asia, which now falls into the present-day states of India and Pakistan. The main religions of the area at the time were Hinduism and Islam. The Sikh faith began around 1500 AD, when Guru Nanak began teaching a faith that was quite distinct from Hinduism and Islam.
Sikhs are strongly against the caste system in India and believe in welfare for all, and all are equal. The Golden Temple in Amritsar remains the holiest place of worship.




Africans

The origins of African people are rooted in Africa itself, as the continent is the birthplace of Homo sapiens. Anatomically modern humans are believed to have appeared in East Africa around 200,000 years ago, and all modern humans have a common ancestry from a group that left Africa 50,000–100,000 years ago. Over time, populations dispersed and adapted to local environments, leading to the vast diversity seen across the continent and the world today.
Today, the term Africans refers to people from the continent of Africa. They remain a diverse group with multiple ethnicities, cultures and languages.


Chinese

The origin of the Chinese people is a result of both ancient migration out of Africa and subsequent local developments. Modern humans in China descend from ancestral populations that migrated out of Africa, with one primary route going through South and Southeast Asia around 60,000 to 50,000 years ago. Later, local Neolithic populations in the Yellow River Basin significantly contributed to the genetic makeup of modern Han Chinese, leading to some genetic differences between northern and southern Chinese populations. 
"Chinese" is a broad term referring to individuals or ethnic groups identified with China, often through ethnicity, nationality, or cultural connections. The term encompasses a diverse population with a rich history and culture. They are also the world's largest ethnic group, comprising approximately 18% of the global human population. The Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group in China, comprising approximately 92% of its Mainland population.


Veddahs

Veddahs are a minority indigenous group of people in Sri Lanka. They have their own indigenous language but many now speak Sinhala. Veddah were probably the earliest inhabitants of Sri Lanka and have lived on the island since before the arrival of other groups from the Indian mainland. Their arrival is dated tentatively to about 40,000–35,000 years ago. The Veddahs were traditionally forest dwellers, who foraged, hunted and lived in close-knit groups in caves in the dense jungles of Sri Lanka.





"Red Indians"
The term "red Indians" is an outdated and problematic term for Indigenous peoples of the Americas, whose ancestors migrated from Asia across a land bridge called Beringia during the last ice age. Genetic and archaeological evidence suggest these migrations began as early as 30,000 years ago and occurred in multiple waves, though the first migration is believed to be the majority. The term "Red Indian" likely emerged during the colonial era, possibly due to some groups' use of red pigment as a self-identifier or a reflection of their skin tone, which was also used by colonists to distinguish them from "white" Europeans and "black" Africans. 



Sunday, November 30, 2025

A mother's advice- Srianee Dias

 A MOTHER’S ADVICE

Srianee (Bunter) Fernando Dias

Note from Speedy. As we know, Srianee has gone back to Sri Lanka for good, and I thought this post by her in March  2021 would be of interest to all of us.

Several years before she died peacefully at age 91, my mother wrote several ‘farewell letters’ to her children.  She wrote individual letters to each of us which were personal and private, but she also wrote one letter addressed to all five of her children.  We were unaware of these letters, because she had given them for safe keeping to my cousin’s wife with instructions that they be given to us after her departure.  This letter was ‘good advice’ and we all agreed that it needed to be read at her Memorial Service, so that her wise words could be shared with her nieces, nephews and grandchildren, as well as other relatives and friends.

When I happened to mention this letter to Mahen during a phone conversation, he asked me if I would consider sharing it with our friends on the blog as well. I think that I should tell you a little bit about my mother before you read her letter. (Some of you got to know her during our years in Medical College.) 

My mother, Merlyn Fonseka, grew up in Moratuwa, the third of six siblings.  She excelled in her studies at Princess of Wales College, and represented PWC in tennis.  I have in my possession a prize book that she received for mathematics in Form VI in 1930!  It is a copy of “The Abbot” by Sir Walter Scott.  She told me once that she had wanted to study medicine but thought that studying for five years was too long!  Instead she entered the Teachers Training College, and after completing her training she returned to Princess of Wales College to teach. Prof. Priyani Soysa was one of her students.  Prof Priyani often addressed me as “my teacher’s daughter” whenever I appeared at one of her ward classes. My mother’s final teaching appointment before retirement was at St. Thomas’ College, Mt Lavinia, where she taught for many years in the Lower School.  I think she really enjoyed her years at STC Mt Lavinia.  Judging from the tributes we received from her students, I think they enjoyed her too.  

In June 1962 she suffered the sudden and devastating loss of my father.  In addition to the emotional strain, she also had to cope with the financial stress, because my father had been the main breadwinner in the family.  She decided to take on students for private tuition at our home, which she did after a long day of teaching at school.  When one well-meaning relative suggested to her that I should quit Medical College after the ‘2nd MB’ and “get a job” to supplement the family income, she politely told him to “mind his own business” or something to that effect!  Even though the years following my father’s death were difficult, she was determined to have her children complete their education. Later in life she enjoyed several trips to the U.S. The fact that two of her sons were Captains on Sri Lankan Airlines gave her the privilege of discounted tickets on some of her flights.  In spite of the distance she managed to have a close relationship with my two daughters as well as her other grandchildren.  On her last trip to the U.S. she celebrated her 84th birthday in Connecticut with us! 

Her letter is short, simple and wise, a reflection of who she was.  It is my pleasure to share it with my friends.  Here it is:
 

To All my Darling Children

First of all, many thanks for all you’ve been to me and all you’ve done for me.   I can with a clear conscience say I did my best for you.  If not for your love and support I would have followed your darling Thaththa soon.  Your love and support, together with God’s guidance and His blessings, helped me to live this long.  Whenever I had a problem - and I had many - I took it to the Lord in prayer.  He always answered me.

Now that I am no longer with you the most important thing I ask of you is that you will always remain a united family.  You have your differences.  No two people are alike.  Always look for the good in others and live peacefully.  Help one another when help is necessary.  Go on Holiday trips together, whenever possible.  Bring up your children in the way God wants you to.  More than anything else teach them to respect elders and show love and concern for the less fortunate.

Your darling Thaththa and I will send you blessings.

Farewell and God bless.

Fondest love and kisses,

Your darling Amma.”

Wednesday, October 22, 2025

Hardanger Embroidery- Dr C.D. Jayaweera Bandara

HARDANGER  EMBROIDERY

BY  DR. C. D. JAYAWEERA BANDARA

(Best viewed on a PC or a laptop- Mobiles no good! Speedy)

Hardanger Embroidery is a beautiful Norwegian embroidery that has counted thread and cutwork. That means that the stitches are made by counting the threads and making them in regular, even sizes on the fabric, and some of the background fabric is cut away.

Hardanger is a traditional district in the western part of Norway.

Hardanger embroidery is a form of embroidery traditionally worked with white thread on white even-weave linen or cloth.

Techniques include satin stitches and woven bars, leading to cutwork.

Two primary methods are used: drawn-thread work and counted-thread work.

Drawn- thread work removes threads to form patterns, while counted- thread work stitches over specific threads.

The Kloster stitch, made of satin stitches is essential for creating safe cutwork designs.

Tapestry needle is used. (Tip is slightly blunt)

Hardanger fabrics :-

These fabrics can be treated like Aida as they have two threads horizontally and vertically, giving a blocked appearance.

Modern Hardanger fabric is an evenweave cotton material woven with pairs of threads, typically 22pairs of threads, typically 22pairs per linear inch in both directions, referred to as 22-count.

HARDANGER EMBROIDERY OF A TABLE MAT

Items used:- PHOTO 1
Hardanger Fabric (seen below )
12-inch diameter circular frame
Tapestry needle ( Tip slightly blunt )
Fine scissors
Threads.                                  

                                  PHOTO 1                                                PHOTO 2

  Above  PHOTO 2  shows the Margin sewn with thicker white thread (1st stage)         

                   


                              PHOTO 3   2nd stage                    PHOTO 4   3rd stage

 
The  2nd stage and the 3rd stages were done with thinner white thread.

                                                     PHOTO 5

Please note that up to now every design, 5 stitches are done and 4 threads are counted. 
Inside each coloured block seen in the above PHOTO 5.
‘EYELETS’ were done with lighter shades of green and pink threads as shown in this PHOTO  6 below.

                                                    PHOTO 6

                                              

                                                PHOTO 7

2nd heart-shaped motif ( top row )shows certain areas cut and threads removed.  Note that the remaining threads are 4 in every direction.
3rd motif shows weaving done.
4th motif shows green, dark pink and white threads used in a particular design.

                                                PHOTO 8

This shows the completed design in the 4 motifs above with green, dark pink and white threads.

                                                    PHOTO 9

The 2nd motif shows the diamond-shaped area was cut in certain areas and threads removed. Note that the remaining threads are always 4 in number.

The 3rd,4th and 5th motifs show  ‘LOOPING PICOTS’ done.

                                                       PHOTO 10

This shows ‘LOOPING PICOTS’ done in all 5 motifs.

                                                           PHOTO  11

Completed table mat seen above.

                                                    PHOTO 12


This enlarged view is shown to appreciate the way the stitches were done and also to view the areas where the fabric was cut

Hardanger Embroidery is difficult to do. It needs a lot of concentration, patience, and it is time-consuming. It is very important to count the sewing threads always 5 and fabric threads always 4. If it is not done correctly, the fabric cannot be cut properly, and the threads cannot be removed. It is important to check the above regularly and unpick if there is a mistake, like doing cross stitching.

I have completed 2 tablemats and I hope to do 6 more.